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How the test is carried out in laboratory |
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PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
First of all, we need a small amount of DNA that is extracted by body cells. Later the DNA segments not codified, are multiplied by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). These segments contain the so called repetitive sequences, like microsatellites, formed by bases repeated 2-30 times, that determines the genetic identity.
The different alleles can be made visible by capillary electrophoresis, since they have different lengths.
DNA Analysis
The confirmation or the denial of genetic relationship occurs by the analysis of the genetic system described above. Because of the high variability of the systems researched, the modern DNA analysis offers a huge amount of information within the paternity test.
Since half of the alleles of a child come from the mother and the other half from the father, an alleged father must match all the characteristics that cannot be inherited from the mother.
Using biostatistic methods it is possible to give a numerical response in terms of paternity probability.
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